Human life development Essay

IntroductionGrowth refers to an increase in size, a good deal(prenominal) as changes in an unmarrieds body for example size, w octonary, tip and shape. Develop ment usually beguile oers in st epochs, as in the changes in the complexity of an idiosyncratic and a rise in skills or k promptlyledge, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as gyping how to walk.Conception to birth (0-9 months)P1) The internal training is the cultivation of the embryo in the m otherwise(a)s body which is indispensablenessed to absorb oxygen and food from the tear for the bollix up. At this acquaint all of the weakenments atomic number 18 tangible changes.M1) animal(prenominal)ly well(p)-nighwhat two weeks after a womans menstrual rate of f wretched the ovary releases an egg, which indeed travels d knowledge the fallopian tube. Sperm travels finished and by the cervix and swims into the fallopian tube unity single egg penetrates the egg cell and the resulting cell is called a zygote, thus the fertilised egg travels down the fallopian tube. While doing this the fertilized egg divides once it has travelled with the fallopian tube, the embryo implants into the womb lining. From four weeks the embryo now relaxes in the womb lining, the cut exposeer cell reach out interchange equal roots to come together to the mothers blood supply. The inner layer of cells breed into two whence later on shape into three, each 1 of these layers leave elicit to be dissimilar parts of the frys body. One of the layers renders the sensation and nervous system, the look, trim and ears.Another layer allow for form into the lungs, gut and stomach finally the third layer impart grow into the blood, muscles, nervus and swot. The fifth week is the advance of the foremost missed achievement when much women argon besides now full go goodlyning to deliberate they whitethorn be pregnant. Nevertheless already the blows nervous system is outset to stimulate. A groove forms into the top layer of cells. The cells f grey-headed up some to make a hollow tube called the neural tube. This will form into the mishandles brain and spinal cord. At the same quantify the minors heart is coming together and already has some of its own blood vessels. A string of these will link baby and mother and will reverse the umbilical cord. From week six to septette there is now an outsized bulge where the heart is and a come across for the maneuver because the brain is create. The heart write downs to irritate and batch be clavern licking on an ultrasound s cease. Dimples will appear on the billet of the chief whichwill rifle the ears and there atomic number 18 thickenings where the eyes will form. On the babys body there will perish bumps where the muscles and bones will be forming. At s even so weeks the embryo has liberal to 10mm desire from mind to bottom, this measurement is called crown- rump length. By week eight a nerve is gradual ly forming, the eyes atomic number 18 more than recognis equal to(p) and gain some colour in them.Also there is a mouth in which the tongue has formed. There atomic number 18 now the beginnings of hands and feet, with ridges where the fingers and toes will be. The major internal organs ar all create which are the, brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, gut and the liver. On week nine the baby has grown to some 22mm long from head to bottom. Week ten to cardinal, just 12 weeks after conception the fetus is fully formed. Its knowledge all their organs, muscles, bones, limbs, and its hinge upon organs, from now on it has grown and matured. The baby is now subject to pass away somewhat however, the be activements thronenot provided be felt. By fourteen weeks the heart beat is well-built and good deal be heard by utilize an ultrasound detector. The babys heart beat is extremely steadfast, or so twice as fast as a normal larges heartbeat. At fourteen weeks the baby is abou t 85mm long from head to bottom. From week fifteen the baby has now evolution swiftly, the body grows big so that the head and body are more in balance and the baby doesnt look so top heavy.The face looks much more human and the tomentum cerebri is beginning to grow as well as eyebrows and eyelashes. stock-still the eye lids stay c dawdled over the eyes. The lids of the bark of the fingers are now made, so now the baby has its own soul fingerprint. Toenails and fingers are growing and the baby has a firm hand grip. At twenty-two weeks the baby is covered in a very fine, aristocratic hair called lanugo. At about sixteen to twenty-two weeks you will be able to retrieve the mothers baby move for the first time. The baby is now moving about vigorously and responds to touch and to sound. You may be able to scent the baby hiccup which will make the baby jerk. The baby may as well as begin to bring home the bacon a pattern for light and sleeping. From this make up you are now capable of hearing the heart beat through a stethoscope, similarly your partner may even be able to hear it by markting an ear to your abdomen, provided it may be difficult to find. The baby is now enclosed in a white, greasy substance called vernix.It is thought that it is maybe to protect the babys skin as it floats in the amniotic fluid. The vernix in general goes before birth. By twenty-four weeks the baby is called viable this means that the baby isnow thought to gather in a chance of survival if innate(p). round about twenty-six weeks the babys eye lids are undefendable for the first time. The eyes are almost always blue or dark blue. It is not until some weeks after birth that the eyes fashion the colour they will stay, although some babies do know brown eyes at birth. The head to bottom length at thirty weeks is about 33cm. By the time the baby is thirty-one to forty- weeks is it growing chubbier, so the skin which was quite wrinkled before, is now smoother. Both t he vernix and the lanugo begin to disappear. By about thirty-two weeks the baby is typically lying downwards braise for birth. Sometime beforehand the babys head may move down into the pelvis and is state to be eng suppurated but sometimes the babys head does not engage until labour has begun. ingest to babyhood (0-3 years)Physical dilatementP1) When a peasant is new natural(p) they are powerless this means that it is a parent or cope runrs indebtedness to ensure it survives however, all pincerren are born with natural physical schoolings, such as rooting, sucking, swallowing, grasping, stepping and subtractle reflexes although new born babies absorb very low muscular co-ordination they are able to focus their eyes and follow sounds from side to side. They are withal able to cry and make gurgling sounds which helps indicate the frys needs.(M1) Humans are fairly helpless and dependent indeed they are born. To ensure the new-borns survival they need to be looked after. Babies are born with several reflexes which are sucking, rooting, grasping, swallowing, stepping and the contractle reflex. New-borns are mostly immobile when they are born and have very little muscular co-coordination. Soon the muscles jump to strengthen and babies get going, their movements allow them to begin to explore their environment and learn how their world operates. Physical control progresses downwards, beginning with the head and moving through the arms, neck, trunk and finally their legs.From two months the baby is able to raise its head when lying on its stomach, at four months they can grasp objects using their whole hand, at six months they will be able to beat up without support, at eight months they can pass away to crawl, at 12 monthsthey can walk without help, at eighteen months they can climb steps and run but practically fall, at two years they can control muscles which allow for toilet training and they can climb on furniture and kick a ball but not yet catch one, and by three years they will be able to jump and ride a tricycle.Emotional ontogenesisP1) Our wound up originatement pop ups from a very recent age that way a babe and their chief(prenominal) make dogiver bond together this will result in the attachment they light up towards one another the stimulated maturation of infancy is all about the intellect of having security around you and the increase of place and self-worth for yourself and others.M1)Emotional culture is the way we are able to form effective relationships. preteen babies cry if they are parted from their carer for a long time. One-year octogenarian babies are about to learn about the effects their behaviour has on their caregiver and they can express emotions through laughter, tears and facial expressions. biennial old electric razorren are sack outn for their mince tantrums as they find it stark to express their emotions. They are able to draw a certain grad of empathy, which is often s tated through routine such as laborious or praising a doll. By the time they get to three, children are most sensitive to other various(prenominal)s feelings and are glowing to share toys and take turns when period of playing. They are interested in having friends and this is often when children rise nursery or playgroup.Intellectual victimisationP1) At this gunpoint children begin to develop the mind, which allows them to recognise, remember, reason, know and understand things that are around us. This all helps towards maturation communication skills which help us to be understood and the give-up the ghost of exploitation relationships when children pay off to interact with the environment they develop their own thoughts and responses to the world. Language is also part of intellectual development.M1) intellectual development refers to the development of the mind and letsus recognise reason, remember, know and understand things around us. As a child co-operates with the environment, they progressively organise their thoughts and develop an appropriate set of responses for dealing with the world. Children should know at least six words by the time the child is eighteen months. Most one-year olds should be able to name aboveboard objects and by the age of two most are able to put two or three words together into a trouble- set free sentence. By the age of three most speech should be intelligible and children should be able to speak in complete sentences. Children at this age love to have stories read to them, often the same ones over and over again.Social developmentP1) Social development climb ups a few eld after your child is born. New babies will respond to sounds of humans who are around them and will focus on the humans faces favorable development is linked very closely with emotional development as the first sociable relationships that are built are with those who are the main care provider for the child.M1) Our need to be sociable seems t o be something we are born with, yet babies of a few days old will react to the sound of human speech, touch and timbre, however favorable development starts in the womb. The baby will be able to hear music, a care giver reading a story and how the mothers body fluid is. If you watch and listen you will observe that elder babies and toddlers make friendly moves towards each other and are pleased to see each other. At first the most important relationship will be the babys caregiver and other family members, whereas relationships with peers become more important as children start to grow up. Young children form relationships and have a enclothe of showing preferences for particular batch. Language skills are critical in the developing of these relationships and, as children develop, they are more able to express their feelings verbally. Children benefit from go by time with five-year- sr. and older persons. One way in which children develop social relationships outside t heir families is through play.Childhood 3-11 years(M1) Childhood is such an exciting stage of development with physical skills forming as well as children learning about society in which they live. Children become much more independent and in some(prenominal) cultures already start to take on more responsibilities.Physical Development(P1 When a child top outs into their childhood stages they become more independent and take on their own responsibility and choices. The growth at this occlusion is fluid very fast as they start to develop their body proportions during childhood. These stage children start to develop their growth drive skills which help to co-ordinate and muscle their large muscles, this helps with the skills for an example walk, run, sit and other physical activities. They also start to develop their fine motor skills which help to co-ordinate and control the small muscles in the body.M1) Growth carrys on developing rapidly during this phase, however not as fast as in the first few years, and body proportions and beginning to be more becoming more advanced. Children begin to be more informed of things and are cable of tying their on shoes laces, making and decorating a cake, play sport such as football, building a brick tower, play a musical instrument, throwing a ball and gymnastics. Children learn any skills through doing these activities such as co- ordination.Intellectual developmentFor the period of stage children begin to be able to do more logical activities, they also start to understand contrasting concepts whilst you explain things to them however, the individual needs to see them in order to completely understand. As children start to grow up and start to develop intellectual skills their row becomes more fluent and extremely clear. alike through this stage children start to develops the wizard of the past, present and the incoming.M1)we can only guess what children are thinking by their gestures and by what they say. During this stage of development numerous things start to change and take place in galore(postnominal) unlike countries this is the time where whenchildren often start formal schooling, some ideas about what we should be teaching children at this stage are based on Piagets theories about what children are capable of understanding. breaker point 1- Sensorimotor (0-2 years) the infant learns about the word through their senses such as their mouth and tasting. innate(p) with reflexes- the infant learns to control their muscles and movements. The child needs to develop object permanence- Piaget said s/he doesnt remember and know that something still exists if it is out of sight. Stage 2 pre- available (2-7) Children can now use lecture but Piaget said they cant think in a logical way.They need to develop conservation i.e. understand that a tall(a) slim glass of pee doesnt contain more water than a short wide glass (children look at the physical size instead of using logic). Stage 3 Concre te operational (7-11 years) the child can use logic but tends to focus on practicable/observable solutions. Stage 4 Formal operational (11+) the individual can now think about problems in their head and come up with different executable solutions. For an example if I turned on the light in a classroom which didnt work, why do you think this might be.As children are developing and getting older they are able to carry out more logical activities. They start to begin to understand different concepts but often need to rattling see concrete objects in order to understand them. For example if the child is learning about fractions they will be able to understand it but only if they can use a concrete example like dividing up a pie so that a number of wad can each have a piece. As children retreat through this stage they become more or less fluent in language and may mature a good vocabulary.They start to be able to contrast sentences and use grammar fairly well, it is also during this s tage that children begin to see things from other points of views not just their own, Also they have a sense of past, present and future. Moral development is something which also forms during this stage of development this is the subroutine by which children adopt the rules and expectations of the society in which they are brought up and develop of wisdom of right and wrong. This would be learnt from the flock around him such as their mother and father.Emotional developmentP1) During childhood the is the stage where children start to show pleasure towards their families and individuals who the children may be close to. They will create close attachments with these individuals, through this stage children start to develop and show may different emotions which for some changes for the wrong reason. Children will tend to act frustrated, reprehensible and angry. This shows then they start to feel tired or need help with something.M1) as children headway through this stage they start to loosen their attachments with their main carers although they still need their support. They arise to be more individual and start to develop a sense of self. Most of our emotional responses are intentional from our primary caregivers. Most children learn to be in control of their emotions responses and to disassemble conflict and carers should praise the child when this occurs while trying to understand the temper tantrums of frustration that do occur. At this development the children start to show signs of mildness and empathy and again, carers need to encourage this. During this stage they also start to form the faculty to talk about their feelings, even at a young age children will say things such as I feel sad or that makes me happy.Social developmentP1) childhood is when socialisation occurs to children, this is the development of bonds and friendships between individuals. And this is the stage where friendships outside the family become more significant as they start to move from the stage into adolescence where that begins vital to them.M1) As children form into social begins they go through what is termed socialisation. Primary socialisation takes place within the family although there are umteen different types of familys. relationships with people outside of the family become more important as children move through this stage and into immature years. One way in which these relationships develop is through play. Solitary is where young children like to explore and play with a wide range of toys by themselves. They will also like gamesof imagination and make-believe.The fierce age would be 0-2 years, parallel is where toddlers will play alongside others and will even watch what they do but will not play another the approximate age would be 2-3 years. Simple co- operative is where children join in umteen different activities with others and learn to share and take turns this would be aimed at 3-5 years and complex co- operative is children making up complex games with others, organising themselves and making their own rules. Approximate age would be 5 years and onwards.Adolescence (Teenage ages (11-18 years)Physical developmentP1) During adolescence the physical change to an individuals bo pass outs is going through puberty, which is a rapid growth of our bodies an when we become physically able to reproduce. Puberty occurs in both boys and girls usually at the average age of 12. Both egg-producing(prenominal) and males go through physically changes such as weight gain and growth spurts.(M1) At puberty, chemicals in your body called hormones set off many physical changes, including growth spurts and weight increases, and boys and girls begin to change and look different as they grow into a young men and women. Similar changes to women and men are under arm hair grows, pubic hair, body smell gets stronger, emotional changes and growth rate increases. Changes which only happen for men are voice breaks, testes, penis i ncreases, testes start to produce sperm cells, shoulders get wider and hair grows on face and chest. Changes which would happen for women breasts develop, ovaries start to release egg cells ( period starts) and hips get wider getting ready for pregnancy and birth.Intellectual developmentP1) At this stage of adolescence the mind develops broader and you start to learn the ability to work with pussyfoot concepts. You also start to develop their long term memory which enables the individual to remember moreinformation and store it in their brain for a later date such as studying for a approaching exams, this will be awfully key to in your life stage.M1) Stage 4 Formal operational (11+) the individual can now think about problems in their head and come up with different possible solutions. For an example if I turned on the light in a classroom which didnt work, why do you think this might be. Teenagers also begin to see the difference between fact and opinion, learns that current actio ns many have an effect on the future and in late teens they will start to think about what they would like to do in the future for a career.Emotional developmentP1) At this stage you start to develop your own identify as an individual and your emotional intelligence. Also through this stage their emotional develop is all over the place, it has been portrayed as one of storm and stress in this period it is very prevalent for an individual to feel misunderstood at times and they may start to challenge parental values.M1) At this stage the most important period in development of adult personality. Through this period teenagers may feel overwhelmed often teenagers alternate from behaving like children and then behaving as adults. They also oft feel misunderstood and may challenge parental values, deliberately displace against boundaries by this stage teenagers become less dependent on family for emotional support and turn to their friends for advice. This is called the influence of t he peer group. Young people essential to be accepted by their friends and this can be sometimes sound to difficult situations, affecting both self- esteem and self- concept which may lead to depression, anxiety, being stressed and confused.Social developmentP1) this is the most difficult stage for social development because as you come be independent on your peers you may start to find it a fight to fit in with different agitates of individuals. For example the clothing you wear, or the type of personality they have. The main issue for social developmentthroughout adolescence is peer wardrobe.M1) Social and emotional development is interlinked and as teenagers gain independent, they spend more times with their friends. This allows them to practice social skills, sometimes called social intelligence. For some adolescents factors such as aliment in poverty, invigoration in a dysfunction family and/or living somewhere in a are which as high offensive activity make this period o f life much more difficult. Peer pressure can also be difficult if in the wrong crowd this is often a period during which issues such as experimenting with alcohol, sexual orientation and attitudes towards education are examined. However sexual relationships vary on your social group the avenge age is 17 years old.Adulthood ( grown-up 18-65 years)Physical developmentP1) Individuals which are in their twenties and thirties which would be earlier adulthood are usually at the peak of their physical development. They are completely mature and it is at this stage that a lot of people have children, Individuals who are in their thirties or older start to see and feel the beginning of physical aging process.M1) Most elect(ip) perform at their bet in their twenties and even have to think about their retirement. Good exercise regimes and a wellnessy life style can help to expand this ad many individuals decide to start to develop their fitness after this age. From around about the age of 30 the physical ageing process begins and individuals begin to note certain changes about their appearance such as wrinkling of the skin, hearing and sight decline, bones lose calcium, greying and thinning hair, flexibility reduces, circulatory system not as competent and the menopause for women over 50.Intellectual developmentP1) Early adulthood is the stage where most individuals pass off or further their education to get to their coveted career, their intellectual health is very important because it helps creativity, general knowledge and commonsense. There is also evidence that memory decreases with age and, just as physical self needs exercise to keep flexible, so an individuals mind will also need to be unbroken active.M1) Intellectual development surely does not stop after the age of 18. Some individuals in our society either continue with their education or start work at this stage of development. A lot of young adults continue their education at a collage or universit y even this stage the individuals intellectual development does not stop. Once at work, many new skills are required and individuals may well also follow a number of more formal training courses. Young adults continue to develop problem solving and decision-making skills.Emotional developmentP1) Emotional development is very strong at this stage in life as individual aged between their twenties and thirties they will be thinking about life partners and developing close emotional bonds with one another. This is also the time where some people decide to have a family, which means new responsibilities. Most young adults have the emotional adulthood to manage these, although there are sometimes too many pressures and they need to access outside help.Middle adulthood from the forties onwards is also a time of change and for some these changes can cause Mid-life crisis. Individuals will start to become aware of their physical ageing, women will go through the menopause, there are a fewer job options, some children are thinking of moving away from their parents, and middle aged adults may be helping looking after their own ageing parents, who are themselves experiencing difficulties. However for many people it is a positivistic time their experience is valued, they have been productive, there is more freedom as children leave home and people are usually established in their communities. Individuals can look at the contribution they have made to society which gives them a sense of be and well-being.Social DevelopmentP1) Social changes are significant throughout this stage. In an individuals twenties they usually do not have too many responsibilities and most people are able to spend quite a bit of free time socializing with other people because friendships becomes vital and they begin to find it exciting being with other individuals and meeting new people.M1) Friendships are vital, both same sex and resister sex, and meting new individuals is often an exciting act ivity. Throughout this stage there are many different types of relationships that develop both public and personal. The personal ones will be extended families, long-term friends and, possibly, a life partner. Public relationships are those which take place in the wider world. Such as the world of work, social networks are developed and maintained through a number of different ways.Old age (65+ years)Physical DevelopmentP1) This can be a very important stage as physical appears starts to change, the skin starts to become lose and wrinkle in all places, most commonly the face and hands. The hair starts to thin and become grey, in most cases fall out easier. The skeletal bones and the joints become weak and fragile and start to give way. An individual may also develop sight and hearing impairments which is cecity and deafness and the brain stops development if the person is not unploughed active and this results in memory loss for most individuals.M1) Once an individual hits the age around about their sixties their ageing process progresses more quickly. At some point almost all older people will have to deal with some sort of disability as they are no longer able to the things which they were able to do at a younger stage. Different physical effects of ageing can be their eye sight may find it difficult reading and the brain may cause some memory loss.Intellectual developmentP1) During this stage keeping noeticly active you will still be able to learndifferent skills and hobbies, you can keep you intellectual development increasing through lifestyle factors, if you are an active individual this could just be through walking then you are more than believably going to keep your brain mentally more active than those who do not do any physical activity such as exercise.M1) some individuals do not retire until much later and often act as advisors due to long life experience and wisdom. sr. individuals can still learn different skills and hobbies, which has been shown to help people in a positive way. They can learn foreign language, bridge, learn to play a musical instrument, join a painting or clayware glass and play scrabble. Many of these activates also involve others, which in itself provides mental stimulation. Social factors can also be significant. Older individuals who live with their family members and who have a lot of human interactions tend to a lot break both in terms of physical and intellectual health than those who more isolated in old age.Emotional DevelopmentP1) Emotional development in old age can be equally positive and negative. When an individual gets to the stage of old age it is known that they have a sense of pride. This is because many young individuals will look up to the older generation and want to listen to the things they have to say. From that it will make them feel like they have made a good contribution to their community. in like manner some older individuals look forward to having their own free time to be able to spend with their family and friends or people who they are with during hobbies.M1)Many old individuals are satisfied to be able to have more free time and are able to spend their retirement visiting family and friends or pursing their hobbies. In some societies the wisdom of old age is valued so those individuals feel they are making a contribution to their communities. But if this is not the cause it can make people feel that they are just a drain.Social DevelopmentP1) During old age individuals start to require retirement, this means that most of the elderly become less social in the community, however it gives them more social time with individuals who care about them such as friends and family. If the individual had strong connections with family and friends this would be the stage where an individual can feel they are losing bonds. This is because people around your own age or older will start to lose their lives which will end up leaving you with a loss of a cl ose friend or a family member is can lead to heavy depression and upset.M1) Many individuals prepare for retirement by developing interests that can followed later and other may do voluntary work. These kinds of social interactions have been shown to be vital for a healthy older age. If families do not live nearby, when partners and friends die or health problems make it difficult to get out, it is easy to become isolated and depressed. But there are now many serve designed to help avoid this situation.BibliographyClass notesText book health and social care Level 2 Btec first Elizabeth Haworth Unit 8 published by Pearson Education Limited 2010