The American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller

The struggle for financial security and success has always been prominent in the American culture. The idea of the American dream captures the hearts of so many, yet leaves almost all of them enslaved in the endless economic struggle to achieve high status, wealth, and a house with a white picket fence. In Arthur Millers, Death of a Salesman, we see how difficult it is for Willy Loman and his sons to achieve this so called American dream. In Lorraine Hansberrys, A Raisin in the Sun, she examines an African-American familys struggle to break out of the poverty that is preventing them from achieving some sort of financial stability, or in other words the American dream. Both plays explore the desire for wealth, driving forces that†¦show more content†¦I drive a man around in his limousine and I say, yes, sir; no, sir; very good, sir; shall I take the Drive, sir? Mama, that ain’t no kind of job†¦that ain’t nothing at all (Hansberry pg.73).† When conside ring Willy’s circumstance, he insists that he is crucial to the company he works for, â€Å"if old man Wagner was alive I’d a been in charge of New York now (Miller pg. 4)† and that he should be a leader by now rather than simply being an employee. These quotes exemplify the idea that believing you deserve better than you currently have is a powerful force that encourages the struggle for the American dream. A final major similarity between the two plays is the fact that both of the men face prejudice for things that they cannot control. For Walter, a prejudice exists because of his skin color. He dreams of having the same opportunities as the white men and in this quote he expresses that to his mother â€Å"Mama – sometimes when I’m downtown, I pass them cool-quiet-looking restaurants where them white boys are sitting back and talking ‘bout things†¦sitting there turning deals worth millions of dollars (Hansberry pg. 74).† Death o f a Salesman only features white characters, however, a different type of prejudice is shown in the play. Because Willy is much older now, he doesn’t feel like he possess the energy or the capacity to continue making long trips. When this conclusion leads Willy to be fired, he pleads with Howard saying, You cant eat theShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1127 Words   |  5 PagesMany people dream of the American dream. To have a big house, two kids and a picket fence. In Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman every character uses lies and deceit as a way to escape reality. With this said, it is only Biff’s character that is dynamic, realizing the error of his ways. Constantly, each character escapes their problems with deceit. Even Biff remains in this state of falsehood, until he reaches his epiphany. The main character Willy Loman, is constantly fooling himself intoRead MoreThe Dysfunctional American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dysfunctional American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller In the American society, it is thought that if you work hard, no matter what circumstances, you can become rich and powerful. You can overcome deep poverty to become the richest man alive. This superhuman absurdity is what is referred to as the American Dream. Day after day, Americans struggle to achieve fame and prosperity, only to find failure and heartbreak. The American Dream in todays society is dead and isRead More Achieving the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1189 Words   |  5 PagesAchieving the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Willy Loman is a man on a mission. His purpose in life is to achieve a false sense of the American Dream, but is this what Willy Loman really wants? In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller analyzes the American Dream by portraying to us a few days in the life of a washed up salesman named Willy Loman. The American Dream is a definite goal of many people, meaning something different to everyone. Willys version is different fromRead More The Collapse of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller,2034 Words   |  9 Pagesinvolves the American Dream, generally speaking. Some people think this dream is something automatically granted; or in contrast, as in the story â€Å"Death of a Salesman† written by Arthur Miller, as something that has to be achieved in order to be successful in life. The play takes issues with those in America who place to much stress on material gain, instead of more admirable values. American society is exemplified with Miller’s work a nd demonstrates how a dream could turn into a nightmare. Arthur Miller’sRead More The American Dream in Death Of A Salesman, by Arthur Miller Essay975 Words   |  4 Pages Success: Accomplishing Your Dream Completing the American Dream is a controversial issue. The American Dream can be defined as having a nice car, maybe two or three of them, having a beautiful, healthy family, making an impact on the world, or even just having extra spending money when the bills are paid. In the play Death Of A Salesman, by Arthur Miller, the American Dream deals with prosperity, status, and being immortalized. Willy Loman, a hard worker aged to his sixties neverRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald In a majority of literature written in the 20th century, the theme of the American Dream has been a prevalent theme. This dream affects the plot and characters of many novels, and in some books, the intent of the author is to illustrate the reality of the American Dream. However, there is no one definition of the American Dream. Is it the right to pursue your hearts wish,Read MoreArthur Miller Criticism913 Words   |  4 Pages Arthur Miller is a highly distinguished author. He is considered by many to be one of Americas greatest writers. As distinguished a writer he is, Miller deserves to be selected for a spot in the prestigious American Author Hall of Fame. His works meet the criteria for the American Authors Hall of Fame since they have themes important to society, are unique, and have universal appeal. Arthur Millers works meet the American Author Hall of Fames first criteria by dealing with themes highly importantRead MoreA Detailed Analysis of Death of a Salesman1199 Words   |  5 PagesLook at Death of a Salesman Death of a Salesman has been accepted worldwide as one of the greatest American dramas to premier in theatre. The story behind the play is based on Miller’s interactions with his Uncle, a salesman whose efforts to obtain the â€Å"American Dream† and pass his success on to his two sons becomes his main focus. Miller’s life during the preparation of Death of a Salesman provides the spark and inspiration needed to pen a literary classic. Almost five decades later, Death of a Salesman’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman 1136 Words   |  5 PagesGarett Miller Mr. James Mahle THE2000 2 August 2, 2016 Arthur Miller’s Impact Arthur Miller was born in 1915, and he died in 2005. He is possibly the most well-known and influential American playwright. He grew up during the Great Depression, so many of his plays deal with the American middleclass lifestyle. His two most influential works are Death of a Salesman and The Crucible. Death of a Salesman is about the tragic white collar worker, Willy Loman, while The Crucible is about the Salem witchRead MoreWilly Loman And The American Dream Analysis1075 Words   |  5 PagesPursuit of Happiness in the American Dream In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, Willy Lomans pursuit of the American Dream is characterized by his selfishness, demonstrating how the American Dream can subtly turn into the American Nightmare. However, Willy’s role is quite important because he often led to failure through the creation of the American Dream and the real world. To fully understand the storyline of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, one must evaluate each member of the The American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Many people dream of the American dream. To have a big house, two kids and a picket fence. In Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman every character uses lies and deceit as a way to escape reality. With this said, it is only Biff’s character that is dynamic, realizing the error of his ways. Constantly, each character escapes their problems with deceit. Even Biff remains in this state of falsehood, until he reaches his epiphany. The main character Willy Loman, is constantly fooling himself into believing that he is a huge success. He often lies to his family about how well he is doing, when truthfully his salary was taken away, and he has to borrow money from his neighbor, Charlie. When Linda asks him about his wages, he replies â€Å"I’ll†¦show more content†¦His negligence and static personality contribute to the death of his father. Instead of dealing with problems, he likes to run from them. He is in the false idea that he can get away with anything he wants, just by lying. He sent his father to Florida, because he was acting â€Å"too crazy† for him, and he was embarrassed. (Miller 21) Happy is so fake, that he doesn’t even realize it. â€Å"Everyone around me is so false; I’m constantly lowering my morals.†(Miller 23) This is ironic, because Happy is the one who is licentious and has no morals. He tells himself anything, as if to fool himself to get by. Eve n after his father’s death, it changed nothing. He’s still going to stay in the business field and â€Å"beat this city.† His idea of creating the Loman Brothers sporting good company is completely far-fetched. He is the assistant to the assistant buyer, and he believes that he has the skill, success and prowess to attain this goal, which he has none. â€Å"Happy lives in Biff’s shadow but he has adopted Willy’s value system. Willy is unequal with his sons as he tends to praise Biff and to ignore Happy. Sharing Willy’s capacity for self-delusion, Happy wants to emulate his father in order to get attention.† (Younkins) The entire family is deceived by Happy’s lies, and he clouds the reality, and does not allow the family to address the problems directly and efficiently. We can see that Happy lives in a dream world, because he does not recognize the severity of hisShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthu r Miller1598 Words   |  7 Pagesalways been prominent in the American culture. The idea of the American dream captures the hearts of so many, yet leaves almost all of them enslaved in the endless economic struggle to achieve high status, wealth, and a house with a white picket fence. In Arthur Millers, Death of a Salesman, we see how difficult it is for Willy Loman and his sons to achieve this so called American dream. In Lorraine Hansberrys, A Raisin in the Sun, she examines an African-American familys struggle to break outRead MoreThe Dysfunctional American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dysfunctional American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller In the American society, it is thought that if you work hard, no matter what circumstances, you can become rich and powerful. You can overcome deep poverty to become the richest man alive. This superhuman absurdity is what is referred to as the American Dream. Day after day, Americans struggle to achieve fame and prosperity, only to find failure and heartbreak. The American Dream in todays society is dead and isRead More Achieving the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1189 Words   |  5 PagesAchieving the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Willy Loman is a man on a mission. His purpose in life is to achieve a false sense of the American Dream, but is this what Willy Loman really wants? In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller analyzes the American Dream by portraying to us a few days in the life of a washed up salesman named Willy Loman. The American Dream is a definite goal of many people, meaning something different to everyone. Willys version is different fromRead More The Collapse of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller,2034 Words   |  9 Pagesinvolves the American Dream, generally speaking. Some people think this dream is something automatically granted; or in contrast, as in the story â€Å"Death of a Salesman† written by Arthur Miller, as something that has to be achieved in order to be successful in life. The play takes issues with those in America who place to much stress on material gain, instead of more admirable values. American society is exemplified with Miller’s work a nd demonstrates how a dream could turn into a nightmare. Arthur Miller’sRead More The American Dream in Death Of A Salesman, by Arthur Miller Essay975 Words   |  4 Pages Success: Accomplishing Your Dream Completing the American Dream is a controversial issue. The American Dream can be defined as having a nice car, maybe two or three of them, having a beautiful, healthy family, making an impact on the world, or even just having extra spending money when the bills are paid. In the play Death Of A Salesman, by Arthur Miller, the American Dream deals with prosperity, status, and being immortalized. Willy Loman, a hard worker aged to his sixties neverRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald In a majority of literature written in the 20th century, the theme of the American Dream has been a prevalent theme. This dream affects the plot and characters of many novels, and in some books, the intent of the author is to illustrate the reality of the American Dream. However, there is no one definition of the American Dream. Is it the right to pursue your hearts wish,Read MoreArthur Miller Criticism913 Words   |  4 Pages Arthur Miller is a highly distinguished author. He is considered by many to be one of Americas greatest writers. As distinguished a writer he is, Miller deserves to be selected for a spot in the prestigious American Author Hall of Fame. His works meet the criteria for the American Authors Hall of Fame since they have themes important to society, are unique, and have universal appeal. Arthur Millers works meet the American Author Hall of Fames first criteria by dealing with themes highly importantRead MoreA Detailed Analysis of Death of a Salesman1199 Words   |  5 PagesLook at Death of a Salesman Death of a Salesman has been accepted worldwide as one of the greatest American dramas to premier in theatre. The story behind the play is based on Miller’s interactions with his Uncle, a salesman whose efforts to obtain the â€Å"American Dream† and pass his success on to his two sons becomes his main focus. Miller’s life during the preparation of Death of a Salesman provides the spark and inspiration needed to pen a literary classic. Almost five decades later, Death of a Salesman’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman 1136 Words   |  5 PagesGarett Miller Mr. James Mahle THE2000 2 August 2, 2016 Arthur Miller’s Impact Arthur Miller was born in 1915, and he died in 2005. He is possibly the most well-known and influential American playwright. He grew up during the Great Depression, so many of his plays deal with the American middleclass lifestyle. His two most influential works are Death of a Salesman and The Crucible. Death of a Salesman is about the tragic white collar worker, Willy Loman, while The Crucible is about the Salem witchRead MoreWilly Loman And The American Dream Analysis1075 Words   |  5 PagesPursuit of Happiness in the American Dream In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, Willy Lomans pursuit of the American Dream is characterized by his selfishness, demonstrating how the American Dream can subtly turn into the American Nightmare. However, Willy’s role is quite important because he often led to failure through the creation of the American Dream and the real world. To fully understand the storyline of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, one must evaluate each member of the

The Theory Of Development, And Behavior Therapy - 2773 Words

Thus far in graduate school, I have found three theories to be the most influential for me in developing my very own personal counseling style. These three theories are: Rogerian s person-centered approach, Erikson s theory of Development, and Behavior Therapy. At this point in time, I do not have an approach or theory that I favor over the other two. I believe all three of these will be equally successful in helping me provide competent and successful counseling in the future. I chose these three theories because I believe they will all be very helpful when working with children. I am concentrating on mental health counseling for children and adolescents so these three will all come in handy. Children communicate differently than adults so it is important to use approaches with children that will help them with their communicating styles so I can be more effective as a counselor with these age group. Children are not for everyone especially the younger ones because they can b e more difficult, but I believe with the few years I have put into Elementary Education, I can also use that knowledge to communicate and learn from this group. They cannot just talk to you about their problems like most adults can so instead of sitting them on a couch and waiting for them to be ready to open up, I believe it is important to look at their play. A child s play will tell counselors everything they need to know about this client. We can learn about any abuse, disorders,Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Development, And Behavior Therapy3908 Words   |  16 Pageshave found three theories to be the most influential for me in developing my very own personal counseling style. These three theories are: Rogerian s person-centered approach, Erikson s theory of Development, and Behavior Therapy. At this point in time, I do not have an approach or theory that I favor over the other two. I believe all three of these will be equally successful in helping me provide competent a nd successful counseling in the future. I chose these three theories because I believeRead MoreIs Relational Frame Theory?1730 Words   |  7 Pagesso many theories on how we should live our lives, battle disorders of all kinds, and how to fix or solve those disorders. The specific theory that we will be taking a look on is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or more commonly known in the psychology world as ACT. Like most other theories that take from other theories in its format, this one is no different. Steven C. Hayes is considered and recognized by the psychological community to be the founder of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. StevenRead MoreWhat Is Clinical Psychology?1416 Words   |  6 Pagesis Clinical Psychology? It is the branch of psychology that emphasizes on the assessment and treatment of mental illness, abnormal behavior, and psychiatric problems of a person. In this field, you get to correlate with complex human problems. Dealing with mental illness can specif y even to psychological disorders, which are a â€Å"harmful dysfunction† in which behavior is judged to be: atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable (Fahoum, 2017). Psychological disorders can be broken down intoRead MoreCounseling Theories and Use in School Setting1717 Words   |  7 PagesCounseling Theories and Their Application in Schools Counseling in schools is more than scheduling students and career planning. Counseling in schools also includes counseling a diverse population with a variety of problems. Understanding counseling theories will help school counselors to effectively help the special populations on their campus. This paper will explore the key concepts, therapeutic process and applications of Adlerian Theory, Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Solution Focused BriefRead MorePsychodynamic Theories And Theories Of The Psychodynamic Theory Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagespsychodynamic theory in depth as well as its presentation in real life as presented by Sigmund Freud. It presents an analysis of the theory in terms of its historical developments and perspectives as well as the ideas of its main supporters. Further, the paper also attempts to bring to light the hidden and unambiguous assumptions made by the theory concerning individuals, groups, families, systems and communities. Additionally, It will at tempt to highlight the relationship that exists between the theory andRead MoreAlbert Banduras Theory Of Social Learning Theory1461 Words   |  6 PagesBandura is considered the developer of social learning theory, which is also known as social cognitive theory (Corey, 2013; Feist et al., 2013; Thoma et al., 2015). Badura’s theory, while based upon the principles of behaviorism, departs from the traditional behavioral model and leaves room for the exploration of unobservable mental states and their influence on behavior (Corey, 2013; Thoma et al., 2015). Social Cognitive theory bases its theory of learning on two types of learning processes: observationalRead MoreThe Support Influence On Development Of Insufficient Parental Care1733 Words   |  7 Pages History and Development It was in 1951 that John Bowlby began to write about the opposing influence on development of insufficient parental care and called attention to the acute distress of young children separated from their primary caregivers. (Barth, 2005) The quality of early attachment relationships is correlated with future personality and brain development. â€Å"The Attachment Theory is a foundation theory, developed by Bowlby. It focusses on the form, quality, and strengths of human attachmentsRead MoreHumanistic Psychology Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagesthe areas of client-centered therapy, education of student-centered learning, organizations, and other group settings. Even though psychoanalysis and behaviorism have made major contributions to psychology, it has influenced the understanding and practices of the humanistic movement, specifically with the therapies for the different mental disorders. Psychoanalysis understands the unconscious behavior, behaviorism focuses on the conditioning pr ocess that produces behavior. Humanistic psychology focusesRead MoreMy Personal Theory Of Counseling Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesBeliefs are components that play a role in an individual’s self-identity. The establishment of these components shape human nature, behavior, and the development of an individual’s purpose. The basis of these fundamentals has contributed to my desire to become a counselor. This paper will discuss my views of human nature, factors of behavior changes, goals of therapy, the roles of a therapist, and the counseling approaches that I chose to incorporate in a practice. The understanding of human natureRead MoreFamily and Multigenerational Family Therapy860 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Therapy and Multigenerational Family Therapy Family Therapy and Multigenerational Family Therapy The idea of working with a family as a unit versus individuals was innovative and throughout the years became a significant enhancement to family system therapy. In 1960 Structural Family Therapy was founded and developed by Salvador Minuchin whose main focus was based on the interactional patterns and sequences within the family. He was able to alter the behaviors of the family alleviating

Law in political science Essay Example For Students

Law in political science Essay The law, then, is a language that lawyers and judges use when they try to prevent or resolve problems-human conflicts- using official rules made by the state as their starting point (Carter, 6). Viewing individual autobiographies over a sweep of time reveals the variety of ways in which rights can become active or remain inactive (Engel, 13). Reason in Law and Rights, Remembrance and the Reconciliation of Difference both examine the way that law affects daily life. They have a wide range of situations in which they have examined law and to some extent have both reached the same conclusions when it comes to the issue of law being uncertain and ambiguous. Furthermore, they have come to some opposing conclusions because of the groups of people each book or article focuses on. These include the approaches of law and life and officials and receptors. Law is an interpretation, a creation of strategy. Carter and Burke explain in their book the uncertainty and ambiguity that are associated with law. They explain that words create ambiguity and since the law is made up of words it therefore, is ambiguous. The entire book Reason in Law focuses on very few people; mainly on judges and court opinions. There is a focus on legal reasoning, a process by which judges make justifications for their decisions. Legal reasoning fosters a sense of justice. It helps us to understand how a judge came to a specific decision. Since this is done by the judge in writing it helps us to understand the laws even if we dont agree with them. Another function of legal reasoning is that the information becomes a source of communication in the broader political community. Legal reasoning gives a common ground for people to argue and either come together or apart. Without legal reasoning the people cant tell if a judge is impartial. Legal reasoning helps us to understand the way that a judge interpreted the vagueness of words in constitutional law. The effects that law has on people outside of the courts is the position that Engel and Munger take in trying to explain where law gets meaning and fits into our daily lives. Rights, Remembrance, and the Reconciliation of Difference focuses on how law is intertwined into our daily lives. Engel and Munger want to know if the law does what it is supposed to do. An emphasis is placed on the life story in order to move away from the analytical center from which we try to see things from. They dont want to explain how something should affect your life but rather they want to examine the direct impacts. Engel and Munger want to learn how receptors react to laws made by judges. Law is full of uncertain choice and is seldom definitive. This is a common theme in Carter and Burke and Engel and Munger. Carter and Burke describe how judges make decisions when two competing equal values have a problem. Engel and Munger discuss how Sara Lanes life is full of uncertainty. When she tries to establish herself as similar she is emphasizing her differences due to the means that she needs to feel similar. Sara is constantly having to think about what is going to come next. In Saras life it seems as though there is always a positive side and a negative side. With a judges decision someone is always going to feel like they have the negative side of the situation. Sara is constantly giving reason for her actions but they arent in the same legal capacity as a judge. Both sets of authors also see the law in reference to structured improvisation. They both refer to it in the sense that we do what is best for ourselves but that what we have to choose from is structured. .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f , .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f .postImageUrl , .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f , .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f:hover , .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f:visited , .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f:active { border:0!important; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f:active , .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03f6bf76c6232339e09eceaafba51d1f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: WWII (794 words) Essay For example, Sara Lane improvises a lot of the activities in her life but she is structured by her family and her work life. Carter and Burke and Engel and Munger seem to agree when it comes to uncertainty and structured improvisation but when it comes to law and life and explanations of law they have results. To begin with, Carter .

Unit of Study

Description and Rationale of the for the Topic Multicultural thinking and learning explore and justify cultural diversity among the learners. This kind of thinking ensures that the learners’ cultural backgrounds are valued and accorded the necessary respect in the classroom. Often, multicultural learning involves integrating the people who fall under the different class, age, nationality, sexual orientation, gender, capability, religion, race, and other forms of identities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Unit of Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, the learning is justified for its effectiveness in incorporating the different cultural affiliations of the people in the classroom. Once the tutor understands that the cultural background does not act as a barrier to the student’s development, it would be very appropriate for him/her to incorporate the ideals of various groups of peop le. The Multicultural Model Used There are various multicultural models that the tutor may effectively apply in the classroom. For example, cultural hospitality, uniting culture and full multicultural are the models applicable in this study (Francis, 2000). Although they do not have significant variations, the models are applied differently depending on the cultural mixes, which are present in the classroom. The â€Å"cultural hospitality† is a model that promotes generosity among the diverse cultural groupings, which might find its way in the classroom (Francis, 2000). In this case, the spirit of accommodation is very important for the success of the classroom activities. Due to the accommodative nature of the model, it brings harmony in the classroom as no particular group would feel disadvantaged. The â€Å"uniting cultural† is the model that underscores the importance of integrating the diverse culture in a single classroom (Francis, 2000). Although the proponents of this model understands that achieving unity among the people professing different cultures is not easy, the tutor can play an active part in forging this unity front. This might help the tutor reduce the cases of cultural conflicts that might arise in the learning environment. The â€Å"full multicultural† is also a model that tries to overcome the weaknesses of the other to techniques. In this model, all the people regardless of the social class, age, nationality, sexual orientation, gender, capability, religion, race, and other forms of identities, are brought together under a single zeal (Francis, 2000). As a result, this model requires sensitivity and flexibility to be practical.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Educational Setting In terms of the educational setting, the learners are a collection of people of different age levels and socio-cultural backgroun d, thus need careful treatment while in the classroom with other colleagues. In fact, some of the students might feel dishonored if their plights do not reach the tutor or if the teacher does not address their concerns even after receiving them. In this regard, the students who have similar thoughts may perceive the tutor as discriminative, thus might not be free to engage in classroom activities. Time Required to Implement Articulating and integrating multicultural thinking and learning in the classroom requires a lot of time to implement depending on the complexity of the issues in place. Definitely, highly multifaceted issues such as the cultural norms and traditional languages cannot be easily are integrated with the others, while at the same time; the people with such distinct values should co-exist with one another. In this case, the time needed to implement the complex attributes of the people differs significantly. Goals and Objectives In the classroom, the goals and objecti ves of multicultural thinking and learning is to enhance the students’ capability in areas including the following. Knowledge: to enhance the students’ understanding about the meaning and other factual information about issues relating to the people’s multicultural thinking and teaching (Ford, 2000). This is important since the students would be able to propose workable social actions, which enhance cultural integration among the people. For instance, they would be expected understand the acquisition of knowledge about cultural differences and make the people appreciate diversity and learn to integrate them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Unit of Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Comprehension: the objective here is to increase the students’ ability to justify the issues that enhance cultural understanding and learning such as the media (Ford, 2000). They are also infor med of the social actions to be taken so that the media could portray the social differentiations in a manner that does not discriminate a cultural practice of the people, including those of the minority. Application: the objective here is to teach the students how to relate the cultural issues based on their understanding on the people’s diversity (Ford, 2000). For instance, the students might be expected to review the affirmative actions, which have been taken to reduce the affects of cultural diversity. Learning Activities and Material/Media In learning, a number of activities are conducted using different materials. For example, there is an actual teaching in the classroom that the tutor conducts. This can either be interactive or directed. The other activity is the learning. This is the activity of the students, with close assistance from the tutor. Learning is a process or activity that is really involving the stakeholders. Examining the learners to ascertain their unde rstanding and progress is another activity that the tutors should uphold. The materials, which facilitate learning, include projectors, computers and other electronic media. The materials could be used in transmitting the information. Instructional Activities to be used The instructional activity to be employed in teaching multicultural thinking also varies according to the specific cultural attributes of the people. Some of the instructional activities used in teaching in a multicultural setup include questioning, role playing, cooperative learning, exposure, group discussions, and active involvement among others. These activities might have some relationship, but it is important for the tutor to make sure that the students are allowed to freely exercise them. Questioning enables the students to attract the attention of their colleagues, especially on their thoughts about cultural variations in the classroom. Therefore, this activity must be interactive and approached in a manner t hat satisfies the person raising the question and the respondent without compulsion.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Role playing is another instructional activity that gives the participants the freedom to participate in the discussion in his/her capacity. Similarly, cooperative learning involves the integration of various students with different cultural attributes so that they learn from one another. Exposure is another significant learning activity because it increases chances of the learners to understand and appreciate different cultures and languages in the classroom. Group discussion is another learning activity that increases interaction among its members who have diverse knowledge on different cultural attributes. This is important in sharing of opinion about the cultural issues in question in trying to create harmony between divergent cultures. Finally, active involvement is significant in increasing individual participation in the classroom activities. The Framework for Enhancing Diversity Since the students’ diversity characterizes the classroom, the tutor should use relevant a nd specific framework for enhancing diversity. Here, the most reliable framework is to accept and integrate the different players within the classroom so that they embrace each other regardless of cultural affiliation. This framework is important because it is through acceptance of diversity that the students embrace one another despite the differences. Notably, integrating the different cultures is one way of enhancing diversity and promoting mutual understanding among the students. Teaching Strategies In order to address the student differences and enhance their engagement in the classroom activities, the tutor could apply the following interactive teaching strategies. First, the tutor would introduce group discussion. Through the use of this strategy, the students will be classified into different groups, which portray the cultural diversity. The students would use the groups to discuss the various facets of culture present in the group so that the members could gain a clear unde rstanding of the practices and their significance. The other strategy would be to engage the students in interactive exchange within the classroom to discuss the attributes of diversity in the learning environment. In this strategy, the students would be expected to ask their colleagues questions about the cultural practices they embrace and how important the norm is to the people in those regions. Since the strategy is interactive, the participants would get elaborate information about the subject and boost their knowledge. Expected Student Outcomes The learners will be equipped with the necessary knowledge, thereafter expected to apply the specific issues pertaining to multicultural thinking and learning. This is also important because understanding the relevant aspects of the cultural attributes and their application in daily life and community development. In addition, after the students are informed of the various social events and measures to be taken in addressing the cultura l differences, they would be expected integrate and exercise acceptance among them in order to reduce social disparities. The students are also expected to embrace multicultural hospitality. Indeed, this should be conducted in a manner that does not single out the cultural practices of the people, including those of the marginal zones. Assessment for Measuring Student Outcomes In measuring the student outcomes, the tutor would ask the students to demonstrate their knowledge about the different aspects the people’s culture. The question might be in form of research or timed in order to help the tutor assess the student understanding of the facts covered. The manner in which the student expresses his or her opinion and the views that were raised in the group discussion will demonstrate his/her understanding and capability. Techniques for Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Curriculum The CIPP model examines the curriculum variables such as its context, for instance, things to b e done, and their relevance and effectiveness in delivering the outcome. Also, the input that the curriculum has in learning, for instance, the manner in which the program helps utilize the resources is also evaluated to ascertain whether it commensurate with the learning objective (Cavanaugh, 2011). The process of articulating the issues that the curriculum raises is also an important during the evaluation. Finally, the outcome or product of the curriculum must be evaluated, in terms of the students’ ability to apply the knowledge that they acquire. This determines whether the curriculum succeeds or fails to deliver. The Stake Countenance model postulates that evaluating the curriculum proceeds in three steps. First is the antecedent phase that examines the period before the instructions are given and its relations to the outcome (Cavanaugh, 2011). Second is the transaction phase that includes instructions of the curriculum (Cavanaugh, 2011). Finally, the outcome phase exami nes the curriculum’s success (Cavanaugh, 2011). The Eisner’s Connoisseurship model examines the complexity of the learning environment to determine the curriculum success. The model utilizes experience and skills to evaluate the success (Cavanaugh, 2011). Lesson Plans for at least Five Lessons Lesson 1: Meaning of Multicultural Thinking and Learning The tutor has to introduce the students to the meaning of multicultural thinking and learning. This forms the first lesson for the course, thus must be very explicit to make sure that the students have a fair and detailed understanding of the concept multicultural. Since multicultural learning fall under social education, the tutor would use a social action approach in teaching the lessons. Therefore, the plan for this lesson proceeds in six steps as mentioned and discussed below. Each step is aimed at achieving a particular learning objective as presented in each case. Knowledge: in this case, the students are taught the m eaning and other factual information about issues relating to the people’s multicultural thinking and teaching (Ford, 2000). This is important since the students would be able to propose workable social actions, which enhance cultural integration among the people. For instance, they would be expected understand the acquisition of knowledge about cultural differences and make the people appreciate diversity and learn to integrate them. Comprehension: in this case, the students are introduced to individual justifications of the things enhancing cultural understanding and learning such as the media (Ford, 2000). They are also informed of the social actions to be taken so that the media could portray the social differentiations in a manner that does not discriminate a cultural practice of the people, including those of the minority. Application: here, the students are taught and asked to apply the cultural issues based on their understanding on the people’s diversity (Ford , 2000). For instance, the students might be expected to review the affirmative actions, which have been taken to reduce the affects of cultural diversity. Analysis: in this case, the students would be expected to analyze various cultural practices and their affects on other people within a particular social circumstance, or compare them on different contexts (Ford, 2000). For example, the students might be asked to analyze the variations of cultural practices in different countries and the impacts of such practices on those regions. Synthesis: here, the students are expected to create a practical solution to the cultural affects on different environment by recommending an action plan to achieve them (Ford, 2000). For example, the students would be asked to synthesize the importance of group work in reducing the cultural diversity. Evaluation: in this case, the students are expected to provide a critique of the issues purported to contribute to cultural differences among the people and give practical alternatives (Ford, 2000). In addition, the students would be expected to provide an overall understanding about cultural differences among the people. Lesson 2: Features of Multicultural Thinking and Education This follows immediately after the students are aware of the meaning of multicultural thinking and learning. It also applies the same approach in enhancing the students’ understanding about the specific features of multicultural thinking and education. It also proceeds in six steps as mentioned and discussed below. Knowledge: in this case, the students would be taught about the features of multicultural thinking and learning, and expected to apply the knowledge in their every day activities (Ford, 2000). For instance, they should understand the different cultural attributes such as language, norms and practices of the people. Comprehension: under comprehension, the students would be taught how the features impacts on the people ways of life, which ar e the positive contribution of cultural features (Ford, 2000). For example, language is a cultural attribute that differentiates the various communities in a given region. Application: notably, the application different cultural practices have various affects on the people (Ford, 2000). Therefore, at the end of this topic, the students will be expected to apply the various practices of different people to the development of the place. Analysis: in this case, the students would be expected to analyze various features of cultural practices and their affects on other people in an area, and/or compare them on different geographical contexts (Ford, 2000). For instance, the students might be asked to analyze the contribution of variations cultural norms and languages in development of the countries. Similarly, the impacts of such practices on other neighboring regions Synthesis: similarly, in this case, the students are expected to create a realistic solution to the affects that the diffe rent cultural features such as language and norms have on different environment by recommending an action plan to harmonise them (Ford, 2000). For example, the students would be asked to synthesize the value of the indigenous language or norm to the practicing community. Evaluation: on evaluation, the students are expected to provide a critique of the contribution of indigenous language and norms to the community development and integration and give sensible alternatives if there is any (Ford, 2000). In addition, the students would be expected to provide an overall understanding about the different languages and cultural norms of the people. Lesson 3: Strategies of Multicultural Thinking and Leaning After the students are now versed with the topic under discussion and its attributes, they are introduced to the strategies of multicultural thinking and education. In this lesson, the tutor would use the following strategies in illustrating multicultural thinking and learning. The Umbre lla Strategy: The tutor would focus on the importance of the umbrella strategy since it is the widely used model of explaining multiculturalism. Considering the figure below of an umbrella, the various sections show the different cultures and how they relate to produce a complex whole (Reissman, 1994). Figure 1: Multicultural Umbrella Source: Rose Reissman, 1994 Survey: this is another strategy of understanding multiculturalism. Through conducting surveys about the various cultural practices and languages, the students are expected to justify the significance of each of the attributes (Reissman, 1994). Naming Cultural Selves: This is another practical way of understanding multiculturalism (Reissman, 1994). Here, the students would be expected to name and understand diversity and spatial activities, which the different people engage in. Lesson 4: Significance of Multicultural Thinking and Learning Here, the students have to be taught on various aspects of multicultural thinking and receptiveness because the learning environment consists of diverse cultures (Shiraev Levy, 2012). Therefore, the educational curriculum should infuse the cross-cultural learning to make it viable for the different personalities globally. The lesson must cover the categories and importance of different cultures that the people practice, without any prejudice for a given practice (Shiraev Levy, 2012). In this case, the tutor should not consider any of the practice as dominant while undermining the others because the classroom might be consisting of most of the cultures. The lesson should also cover the distinct cultural practices and norms so that the students could be able to learn and apply their importance (Shiraev Levy, 2012). If the issues of cultural differences are addressed in the lesson, the students would easily identify with or respect diversity. Lesson 5: the Students’ Understanding about Multicultural Thinking and Learning This lesson starts with examining the o verall understanding of the students regarding multicultural thinking and learning. The tutor would inquire about the capability of the students to apply the knowledge acquired in classroom, about multicultural thinking and learning to solve real life problems affecting the people’s productivity. Under assessment of the students’ understanding, the tutor evaluates the students’ understanding about multiculturalism and other aspects discussed, in terms of engagements and testing to make sure that the latter do not have any misconception about the topic (Shiraev Levy, 2012). In this case, the evaluation would focus on all the other lessons. This lesson is very critical in evaluating the student’s understanding and assessing their overall performance in the topic. Since it is a final stage of the topic, it provides room for recommending adjustments on the curriculum to shape the students attention towards a deeper understanding of the subject. References Ca vanaugh, L. (2011). An Exploration of the Effectiveness of a Surf Camp Curriculum on Social Competence, Social Skills, and Self-Concept Changes of Children with Autism. Kindle: Kindle Edition. Ford, A. (2000). Infusing Multicultural Content into the Curriculum for Gifted Students. Web. Francis, M. (2000). Models for Multicultural Liturgy. Washington DC: Federation of Diocesan Liturgical Commissions. Reissman, R. (1994). Evolving Multicultural Classroom. Alexandria: Association for Supervision Curriculum Development Publishing. Shiraev, E. Levy, D. (2012). Cross-Cultural Psychology: Critical Thinking and Contemporary Applications. New York, NY: Pearson Education. This research paper on Unit of Study was written and submitted by user Howard Saint to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.